![]() It has been shown that the small post-game elevation of BLa in goaltenders is usually not significant when compared to their resting level ( 27, 49, 78). Compared to forwards and defenders, goaltenders have lower VO 2max values, and reach lower post-game blood lactate (BLa) concentrations ( 43, 49). As a consequence, greater physical demands are placed on the goaltender of the short-handed team who has to move laterally and vertically more often ( 4). 5 players) for two, four, or five minutes, depending of the type of penalty ( 17). During a power play, one of the teams is short-handed (4 vs. ![]() In addition, goaltenders can receive extended rest periods between games by having another goaltender play, whereas forwards and defenders are generally expected to play each game. Instead of two- to five-minute breaks between shifts, goaltenders get roughly 15 to 18 minutes of rest between each period and some smaller rest periods when the game shifts to the other side of the ice ( 34). In contrast, goaltenders usually play all three periods (3 x 20 min) with occasional overtime. During this time, they skate between 23 m, and perform 6.8 ± 1.1 shifts per game with each shift lasting from 30 to 85 seconds followed by about two to five minutes of rest ( 53, 55, 60). Such a review would provide novel information to develop specific study designs to measure physiological characteristics in this group of highly specialized hockey players.Īccording to the scientific literature, the total game time for ice hockey players, excluding goaltenders, is approximately 15 to 25 minutes, depending on the position of the player ( 15, 43, 49, 60). To the best of our knowledge, no systematic reviews have been done on ice hockey goaltenders. Thus, the current scientific literature presents limited data on goaltender specific characteristics. Nevertheless, most of the investigations have focused on differences between these two positions while neglecting goaltenders because of their different role and positional demands ( 5, 9, 10, 18– 20, 27, 31, 41, 53, 63, 65, 68, 74). It has been shown that forwards and defenders have different physiological demands due to skating distance, on-ice time, and the amount of high-intensity skating per min required by their position ( 39, 45). Physical, neuropsychological, physiological, and anthropometrical differences between ice hockey players, based on their positions, have been studied several times over the years by using a wide array of protocols. Specific physiological assessments during NHL Combines should be developed for goaltenders in accordance with their specific positional demands. In the current literature, there were a small number of studies on women players and a lack of distinction between player position in reported results. Overall, PM goaltenders are heavier, have a higher BF%, and exhibit greater GS and abdominal muscular endurance than AM, while AM goaltenders are heavier, taller, leaner, and can generate greater lower-body muscular power than AF goaltenders. Professional male (PM) goaltenders had the following profile for age (A) 26.8 ± 2.5 years, body weight (BW) 85.64 ± 3.79 kg, height (H) 184.38 ± 2.79 cm, body fat % (BF%) 11.9 ± 2.22, VO 2max 49.9 ± 4.45 ml/kg/min, anaerobic power (AP) 12.78 ± 1.63 W/kg, and combined hand grip strength (GS) 120.7 ± 15 kg. A total of twelve scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Six electronic databases were systematically searched in October 2019 using the PRISMA model. It will 1) highlight physiological differences between goaltenders and players at other positions, 2) determine strengths and weaknesses of ice hockey goaltenders, and 3) offer possible guidelines for strength and conditioning coaches. This review aims to 1) be the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature examining the physiology and assessment of goaltenders, and 2) present a physiological profile of ice-hockey goaltenders.
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